Standing proudly on the edge of the ancient island of Pharos, where the legendary Lighthouse of Alexandria once rose as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Citadel of Qaitbay is a masterpiece of Mamluk architecture and a guardian of Egypt’s Mediterranean coast. Built between 1477 and 1479 AD by Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay, this fortress was designed to protect Alexandria from naval invasions. Today, it remains one of the city’s most iconic landmarks.
The Sacred Setting: From Lighthouse to Fortress
After a devastating earthquake destroyed the Lighthouse of Alexandria in 1303, the site lay in ruins for decades. Recognizing Alexandria’s strategic importance as Egypt’s maritime gateway, Sultan Qaitbay chose the very same spot to build his citadel. In doing so, the fortress became the heir of the lighthouse—no longer guiding ships with light, but shielding the coast with stone.
A Living Fortress with Historic Treasures
Within its limestone walls, the Citadel of Qaitbay preserves centuries of military history. Visitors can explore:
- The massive square tower at the heart of the citadel, three stories high with rounded corners and balconies for archers.
- Defensive walls and towers, designed to withstand naval attacks.
- Soldiers’ quarters and storage rooms, offering a glimpse into the daily life of its defenders.
- An ancient cistern, which once supplied water to soldiers and horses.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Through the ages, the citadel played a vital role:
- Under Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri, it was stocked with weapons and strengthened.
- During the Ottoman era, it remained a key naval fortress.
- In modern times, it transformed into a cultural landmark, symbolizing Alexandria’s resilience and maritime heritage.
Exploring the Mediterranean Coast
Beyond the fortress walls, the surrounding Corniche of Alexandria offers breathtaking sea views. Visitors can stroll along the coast, enjoy fresh seafood, and watch the waves crash against the citadel’s base—just as they have for centuries.
Egyptian Hospitality in Alexandria
A visit to the Citadel of Qaitbay is often paired with exploring Alexandria’s vibrant culture. From traditional cafés and seafood restaurants to bustling markets and historic neighborhoods, the city offers a warm welcome that enriches the journey.
Safety and Accessibility
The citadel is a secure and well-maintained site, open to visitors year-round. Guided tours from Cairo or within Alexandria make the trip convenient, with modern transportation and professional guides ensuring a smooth experience.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: Why is the Citadel of Qaitbay famous?
It was built on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria and served as Egypt’s main coastal defense for centuries.
Q2: Can visitors enter the citadel?
Yes, visitors can explore its towers, passageways, and museum exhibits.
Q3: What is the best time to visit?
Spring and autumn (March–May, September–November) offer pleasant weather for exploring Alexandria’s coast.
Q4: How do I get there?
The citadel is located at the western tip of Alexandria’s Corniche, easily accessible by car or taxi from anywhere in the city.
Q5: Is it safe to visit?
Yes, the site is secure and regularly visited by both locals and international travelers.
Conclusion
Visiting the Citadel of Qaitbay is more than a walk through stone walls—it is a journey into Egypt’s maritime history. From its origins as the heir of the Lighthouse of Alexandria to its role as a fortress and now as a cultural landmark, the citadel stands as a timeless guardian of the Mediterranean. Combined with the charm of Alexandria’s coast and hospitality, it offers an unforgettable experience for travelers seeking both history and beauty.